India’s Population To Cross 150 Crore By 2029: Report. The world’s most populous nation, India, is expected to exceed 150 crore (1.5 billion) people by 2029. This achievement highlights the prospects and challenges facing the country and its continued growth despite a decline in fertility rates. India has 146.39 crore people as of 2025, and the fertility rate now is 1.9, lower than the replacement of 2.1.
Although this drop means that population growth is slowing, the size of this population base is so enormous that India will keep expanding in the next few decades before settling down. The report estimates that India’s population could peak at approximately 170 crore in the next 40 years, before declining. And there is considerable regional variation: Northern states continue to have higher fertility rates, while southern states are at or below replacement levels.
This inequitable growth trend can influence national economic and social policies. On the sunny side, India’s population is quite large with a working-age demographic dividend. The country should be able to use this young, well-educated workforce to power innovation, entrepreneurism and economic growth through investing in education, healthcare, and skill development.
Rapid urbanization will create new markets and demand for infrastructure, housing, and services that will also be added to an already wide-established demand for these commodities. But the challenges are just as formidable. With 150 crore crossing, the demand for food, water, energy and housing will rise.
It remains essential that such a large population gets good health care and education opportunities. To prevent unemployment and underemployment, we need to keep pace with the growing number of new employees. Increasing population density will also put stress on ecosystems, add contamination, and add to the speed of climate-related threats. To conclude India’s population will surpass 150 crore by 2029…more than just a figure! As such, whether such growth brings with it dividends or a burden will be based on the country’s ability to effectively manage its resources, policies and sustainable development strategy in the future.
